FACTORS AFFECTING THE EFFICIENCY OF TRIAGE  SYSTEM IN THE EMERGENCY ROOM OF SULU SANITARIUM AND GENERAL HOSPITAL

Al-Musralph and Alijandrina Abdul and Jalilul

doi:10.62596/h1xx9842

Authors

Al-Musralph A. Abdul and Alijandrina T. Jalilul School of Graduate studies Sulu State College Jolo, Sulu Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.62596/h1xx9842

Keywords:

Efficiency, Triage System, Professionals, Emergency Room, Personnel, Protocols

Abstract

The scope and notable variations in the effectiveness of the triage system in the emergency departments of Sulu Sanitarium and General Hospital were examined in this study. Using a purposive sampling technique, it used a descriptive-quantitative research design with 38 employees at Sulu Sanitarium General Hospital. Frequency, percentage score, weighted mean, standard deviation, t-test for independent samples, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson's test of correlation were used to analyze the data. The results show that: 1) Most of the respondents are female, between the ages of 26 and 35, have served for 1 to 5 years, are on a job order, and have a bachelor's degree. 2) Respondents generally indicated that the triage system's effectiveness at Sulu Sanitarium and General Hospital was moderately impacted; 3) When data are categorized by age, length of service, employment position, and educational attainment, there is typically a notable difference in the degree of efficiency of the triage system at Sulu Sanitarium and General Hospital. However, when data are categorized by gender, no discernible difference is found. 4) The subcategories included under the parameters influencing the effectiveness of the triage system at Sulu Sanitarium and General Hospital have an overall positive significant connection. Additionally, this study appears to confirm Ludwig Von Bertalanffy's Systems Theory from 1940, which emphasizes that the effectiveness of processes like triage depends heavily on how well personnel, resources, protocols, and communication channels cooperate. This fosters an understanding of the value of taking a comprehensive approach to solving issues and improving efficiency in order to support long-term enhancements in operational effectiveness and patient care. Last but not least, this study emphasizes the significance of triage systems in emergency rooms. To improve healthcare services, particularly in emergency rooms, healthcare professionals may take into account standardized triage programs, frequent audits of medical resources and equipment, and active participation of healthcare professionals in various training and development programs.

References

Abid, A., Manzoor, M., Farooq, M., & Farooq, U. (2020). Challenges and issues of resource allocation techniques in cloud computing. Retrieved from Korea Science: https://koreascience.kr/article/JAKO202022762159479.page

Ahsan, K., Alam, M., Morel, D., & Karim, M. (2019). Emergency department resource optimisation for improved performance: a review. Retrieved from Springer: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40092-019-00335-x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40092-019-00335-x

Andreassen, N., Borjch, O., & Sydnes, A. (2020). Information sharing and emergency response coordination. Retrieved from Elsevier: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925753520302927 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104895

Boggan, J., Shoup, J., & Whited, J. (2020). Effectiveness of acute care remote triage systems: a systematic review. Retrieved from Springer: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11606-019-05585-4?wt_mc=Internal.Event.1.SEM.ArticleAuthorOnlineFirst&utm_source=ArticleAuthorOnlineFirst&utm_medium=email&utm_content=AA_en_06082018&ArticleAuthorOnlineFirst_20200103 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-019-05585-4

Burgess, L., Kynoch, K., & Hines, S. (2019). Implementing best practice into the emergency department triage process. Retrieved from Journals LWW: https://journals.lww.com/ijebh/fulltext/2019/03000/implementing_best_practice_into_the_emergency.4.aspx DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/XEB.0000000000000144

Butler, K., Anderson, N., & Jull, A. (2023). Evaluating the effects of triage education on triage accuracy within the emergency department: An integrative review. Retrieved from Elsevier: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1755599X23000617?casa_token=EAodWqZ4hDEAAAAA:-Pzjci1JyCrghbR5rmXq4xhQjweE9goTroj_egdyGk97ksQYHVb4hKk8WpJoE16Bt4wHa11U

Bijani, M., & Khaleghi, A. (2019). Challenges and barriers affecting the quality of triage in emergency departments: a qualitative study. Retrieved from NCBI: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8344134/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v8i0.1619

Carpio, Lorna & Caburnay, Anna & Nolledo, Shirley & Ongchua, Claire & Orquia, Jocelyn. (2024). Technology-based teaching among nursing instructors: Confidence and apprehension in using simulation equipment for training. Environment and Social Psychology. 9. 10.59429/esp.v9i8.2591. DOI: https://doi.org/10.59429/esp.v9i8.2591

Chavez, Jason & Gregorio, Atty & Araneta, Aracelie & Bihag, Cristie. (2023). Magna carta for women health workers, teachers, and minimum-wage earners in the workplace: Policy awareness and organizational compliance. Environment and Social Psychology. 9. 10.54517/esp.v9i1.1735. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54517/esp.v9i1.1735

Chavez, Jason. (2023). Academic and Health Insecurities of Indigent Students during Pandemic: Study on Adaptive Strategies under Learning Constraints. 16. 74-81.

Chavez, Jason & Lamorinas, Daisy. (2023). Reconfiguring assessment practices and strategies in online education during the pandemicReconfiguring assessment practices and strategies in online education during the pandemic. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education. 10. 160-174. 10.21449/ijate.1094589. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21449/ijate.1094589

Ebrahimi, A., Kamrani, F., Nouri, M., & Sajad mohamahi. (2019). Studying nurses’ performance and effectiveness in patient triage by emergency severity index in Kermanshah educational and medical centers in 2016. Archives of Pharmacy Practice, 11(S1), 65–72. https://archivepp.com/storage/models/article/ZiH9loAtHrnX5Dvnh41JBmAVrN9zD7tGmO0uqWsx93DypfITkJFDa4tZHSKn/studying-nurses-performance-and-effectiveness-in-patient-triage-by-emergency-severity-index-in-ker.pdf

Entong, Maria & Garil, Benigno & Muarip, Veronica & Chavez, Jason. (2024). Language Delivery Styles in Academic Trainings: Analysis of Speaker' s Emotional Connection to Audience for Lasting Learning. Forum for Linguistic Studies. 6. 326-342. 10.30564/fls.v6i3.6533. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30564/fls.v6i3.6533

Faheim, S., Ahmed, S., & Aly, E. (2019). Effect of triage education on nurses' performance in diverse emergency departments. Retrieved from AJOL: https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ebnr/article/view/219507 DOI: https://doi.org/10.47104/ebnrojs3.v1i2.45

Fernandes, M., Vieira, S., Leite, F., & Palos, C. (2020). Clinical decision support systems for triage in the emergency department using intelligent systems: a review. Retrieved from Elsevier: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0933365719301265?casa_token=9oObpCCKovAAAAAA:3oyUBDBoHGR1Tui_94AoV7GtwkFIdN3t5eKwVPM2EBYBr6UbF-0IMjsMlGkRYXW-l5FoW6tM

Gadde, H. (2022). AI-Enhanced Adaptive Resource Allocation in Cloud-Native Databases. Retrieved from RED CREVISTAS: http://redcrevistas.com/index.php/Revista/article/view/181

Garil, Benigno. (2024). Socio-cultural Factors Affecting Reading Comprehension Levels and Demographic-based Grammatical Competence of Higher Education Students. Forum for Linguistic Studies. 6. 184-197. 10.30564/fls.v6i3.6564. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30564/fls.v6i3.6564

Gorick, H. (2024). Factors that affect nurses' triage decisions in the emergency department: a literature review. Retrieved from RCNI: https://journals.rcni.com/emergency-nurse/evidence-and-practice/factors-that-affect-nurses-triage-decisions-in-the-emergency-department-a-literature-review-en.2022.e2123/abs DOI: https://doi.org/10.7748/en.2022.e2123

Hinson, J., Martinez, D., Cabral, S., & George, K. (2019). Triage performance in emergency medicine: a systematic review. Retrieved from Elsevier: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196064418312824?casa_token=P6m2v-R3z4wAAAAA:gAJ71cXW19RrWUXAQGr-Soo-Z4yHdnzae3INP7GaF_5vLYWrYvaBo2KDb4p7SQJQ908wE97k

Ina Lea, A., Febriyanti, E., & Odja, N. (2022). Emergency Nurses’ Knowledge and Practices Regarding Triage. KnE Life Sciences, 7(2), 872–881. https://doi.org/10.18502/kls.v7i2.10388 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/kls.v7i2.10388

Kenny, B., Rosania, A., & Lu, H. (2024). Lean-Based Approach to Improve Emergency Department Throughput. Retrieved from PMC: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11486628/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.69591

Kenny, J., & Chang, B. (2020). Factors affecting emergency department crowding. Retrieved from THE CLINICS: https://www.emed.theclinics.com/article/S0733-8627(20)30033-X/abstract DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emc.2020.04.001

Kevin, D., & Ryan, L. (2024). Optimizing Triage and Patient Flow in Emergency Departments: A Data-Driven Approach. Retrieved from Red Crevistas: http://redcrevistas.com/index.php/Revista/article/download/24/22

Kip, M. L. (2021). Workload performance measuring in an emergency department [Master's thesis, University of Twente]. http://essay.utwente.nl/85646/1/Kip_MA_TNW.pdf

Lecky, F., Reynolds, T., Otesile, O., & Hollis, S. (2020). Harnessing inter-disciplinary collaboration to improve emergency care in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs): results of research prioritisation setting exercise. Retrieved from Springer: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12873-020-00362-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-020-00362-7

Madsen TE, Choo EK, Seigel TA, Palms D, Silver B. Lack of gender disparities in emergency department triage of acute stroke patients. West J Emerg Med. 2015 Jan;16(1):203-9. doi: 10.5811/westjem.2014.11.23063. Epub 2014 Dec 1. PMID: 25671042; PMCID: PMC4307718. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5811/westjem.2014.11.23063

Masten, A., Lucke, C., & Nelson, K. (2021). Resilience in development and psychopathology: Multisystem perspectives. Retrieved from Annual Reviews: https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-120307 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-120307

Mostafa, R., & El-Atawi, K. (2024). Strategies to measure and improve emergency department performance: a review. Retrieved from NCBI: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10890971/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.52879

Moon, S., & Cho, I. (2024). Development of a Competency-Based Triage Education Application and Usability Testing for Triage Training Based on the Korean Triage and Acuity Scale. Retrieved from Journals HEALIO: https://journals.healio.com/doi/abs/10.3928/00220124-20231030-05 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3928/00220124-20231030-05

Nakamura Y, Daya M, Bulger EM, Schreiber M, Mackersie R, Hsia RY, Mann NC, Holmes JF, Staudenmayer K, Sturges Z, Liao M, Haukoos J, Kuppermann N, Barton ED, Newgard CD; WESTRN Investigators. Evaluating age in the field triage of injured persons. Ann Emerg Med. 2012 Sep;60(3):335-45. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2012.04.006. Epub 2012 May 24. PMID: 22633339; PMCID: PMC3428427. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2012.04.006

Numada, M. (2021). Development of matching modeling for human resource allocation of shelter management by the set theory. Retrieved from JSTAGE: https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jdr/16/4/16_719/_article/-char/ja/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2021.p0719

Oh, W., & Jung, M. (2024). Triage—clinical reasoning on emergency nursing competency: a multiple linear mediation effect. BMC Nursing, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-024-01919-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-024-01919-8

Patil, S. (2024). A New Service Model for Identifying and Improving the Quality of Emergency Department Operations in Tertiary Settings. Retrieved from Open Access: https://openaccess.wgtn.ac.nz/articles/thesis/A_New_Service_Model_for_Identifying_and_Improving_the_Quality_of_Emergency_Department_Operations_in_Tertiary_Settings/26802976

Pontisidis, G., Bellali, T., Galanis, P., & Polyzos, N. (2024). Effect of triage training on nurses with Emergency severity index and Australian triage scale: Α quasi-experimental study. AIMS Public Health, 11(4), 1049–1070. https://doi.org/10.3934/publichealth.2024054 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3934/publichealth.2024054

Rahmati H, Azmoon M, Kalantari Meibodi M, Zare N. Effects of Triage Education on Knowledge, Practice and Qualitative Index of Emergency Room Staff: A Quasi-Interventional Study. Bull Emerg Trauma. 2013 Apr;1(2):69-75. PMID: 27162827; PMCID: PMC4771226.

Roberto. (2024). ICT-Driven instructional and assessment strategies for physical education in the new normal. Environment and Social Psychology. 9. 10.54517/esp.v9i4.2155. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54517/esp.v9i4.2155

Scott, P., Harvey, C., Felzmann, H., & Suhonen, R. (2019). Resource allocation and rationing in nursing care: A discussion paper. Retrieved from Sage Pub Journals: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0969733018759831 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733018759831

Seo, Y., & Lim, S. (2024). Korean Triage and Acuity Scale education using role-playing and its effects on triage competency: A quasi-experimental design. Retrieved from Journals PLOS: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0311892 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0311892

Sony, M., & Naik, S. (2020). Industry 4.0 integration with socio-technical systems theory: A systematic review and proposed theoretical model. Retrieved from Elsevier: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160791X19304051?casa_token=o1ys6f0a7wsAAAAA:Y84rK0N25k0g0_0R_GX23DGUi_iz85ZiP0m3X_7pWXEA9ZUJVjIIHqJXVcQSjSoyd-RJuDK6

Sutriningsih, A., & Wahyuni, C. (2020). Factors affecting emergency nurses' perceptions of the triage systems. Retrieved from SagePub Journals: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.4081/jphr.2020.1808 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4081/jphr.2020.1808

Usui, M., & Yamauchi, T. (2019). Guiding patients to appropriate care: developing Japanese outpatient triage nurse competencies. Retrieved from NCBI: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6892672/

Wolf L, Delao A, Simon C, Jodelka FM. Establishing Triage Competencies and Verification Processes: A Survey Study. J Emerg Nurs. 2025 Jan;51(1):59-78. doi: 10.1016/j.jen.2024.09.005. Epub 2024 Oct 2. PMID: 39352352. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2024.09.005

Yancey, C., & O'Rourke, M. (2020). Emergency department triage. Retrieved from EURO PEP MC: https://europepmc.org/article/nbk/nbk557583

Zhang, Z., Sarcevic, A., & Joy, K. (2022). User needs and challenges in information sharing between pre-hospital and hospital emergency care providers. Retrieved from PMC: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8861689/